ABSTRACT
Background and study aim: this study aimed to determine the antibacterial resistance patterns of extended spectrum b-lactamase [ESBL]-producing enteropathogenic Escherichia coli [EPEC] isolated from Iranian children and to investigate its genetic patterns
Patients and methods: 192 non-repeats EPEC isolates were collected from stool samples of the children with and without diarrhoea. The EPEC strains were isolated from 1355 stool specimens obtained from 247 children with diarrhoea [0-10 years old; mean age, 5.5 years] and 1108 children without any gastrointestinal symptoms [0-10 years old; mean age, 6.8 years] during the summer months in three Iranian provinces, Tehran, Ilam and Mazandaran. Strains biochemically identified as E. coli were selected and were identified by the presence of eaeA and bfpA as EPEC virulence genes. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by disc diffusion method. The isolates were confirmed to be ESBL producers by the double disk synergy test [DDST]. The b-lactamase genes [blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA] and insertion sequence ISEcp1 were detected by PCR method
Results: the highest antibiotic susceptibility was detected to imipenem [100%], followed by gentamicin [82.3%] and ciprofloxacin [79.2%]. The highest resistance was detected to cefpodoxime [97.9%], trimethoprim [60.7%], and tetracycline [58.4%], respectively. Totally, 153 EPEC strains [79.7%] were ESBLproducing by DDST test. The PCR showed that 84 [43.8%] EPEC isolates were positive for ESBLs encoding genes. Among 153 ESBLs-producing EPEC, TEM was present in 9.2% of isolates. Also, CTX-M and SHV genes were detected in 7.2% and 7.8%, respectively. The SHV positive strains were associated with the highest resistance rate to tetracycline [56.5%], although the TEM and OXA were associated with the highest resistance rate to gentamicin [23.1%] and ciprofloxacin [21.4%]
Conclusions: the study revealed that 79.7% of EPEC isolates from Iranian children were ESBL-producing and were comparable with the non ESBL-producing isolates regarding susceptibility to the antibiotics
ABSTRACT
Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections
There is challenge on the real rate of prevalence of H. pylori in diabetic patients
This study was done to assess the prevalence of H. pylori infection in children suffering from type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Methods: In this case-control study, 80 diabetic patients [as the target group] refer to the Endocrinology Clinic of Tabriz Educational and Treatment Center, Tabriz northwestern Iran and 80 non-diabetic patients [as the control group] from the group of children referring to the Gl Clinic of the same center were enrolled in 2012 and 2013. Then H. pylori infection was assessed in two groups using measuring antibody [IgG] and stool antigen [HpSA]
Results: H. pylori infection tests were positive in 48 [60%] diabetic patients and in 32 [40%] in non-diabetic patients [P=0.030]
There was a meaningful correlation between the frequency of H. pylori and the longer the duration of diabetes [P<0.001]. No correlation was seen between H. pylori infection and other factors such as age of the patients [P=0.840], HbA1C level [P=0.312], age at which diabetes was diagnosed [P=0.800], average daily dosage of insulin [P=0.232], and presence of Gl symptoms [P=0.430]
Conclusions: Type 1 diabetic children especially cases with the longer duration of diabetes, are at risk acquiring H. pylori infection
Therefore, screening of H. pylori infection is helpful on the follow up of these patients
ABSTRACT
Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease in pediatric. We aimed to determine the demographic characteristics at presentation of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in Hamadan, west province of Iran
Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study, demographic data of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus being followed up in Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic of Besat Hospital Hamedan Iran, were analyzed. A detailed record of the required information including the age, sex, Place of living[urban, rural], season, disease presentation, parental consanguinity [1st cousin relation],The mean mother's age at delivery, BMI ,birth seasonality and birth order were collected. The data was analyzed by standard statistical package SPSS, version 15.0. Results with p-value less than 0.05 were defined as statistically significant
Results: In total, 150 patients were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.47 +/- 3.17 yr. The majority of patients were urban. The frequency of disease was higher in summer. BMI percentile of most cases was between 5[th] to 85[th]. The frequency of positive family history was 10.7%. Among the studied patients, 18.7% had parental consanguinity. The mean mother's age at delivery was 25 +/- 5.3 yr. Of the studied patients, 82.7% were exclusively breastfeed and 43% were the first child of family. About 13.3% had co-occurring endocrine disease
Conclusions: Age at diagnosis and sex of our patients was similar to the world reported. But, seasonal variation is different in our region. The frequency of a family history of type 1 diabetes in first and second degree relatives was relatively high. Hypothyroidism was the most frequently observed co-occurring endocrine disease
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Child , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Breast Feeding , Endocrine System Diseases , DemographyABSTRACT
Androgenic-anabolic steroids [AAS] are abused by a growing number of bodybuilders. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and patterns of AAS use by bodybuilders in Hamadan, western Iran. In this cross-sectional study, participants were recruited from five gym clubs in two area of Hamadan [a total of 10 clubs]. Twenty-five bodybuilders from each club were administered. Questions investigating demographic information, sport history, education level, general knowledge about AAS, and their side effects were asked. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16. The frequency of AAS use was 28.8% [72/250]. Fifty-four percent of users were 25 years or younger. AAS abuse showed a significant association with duration of exercise. The drugs were suggested mostly from peers [43.1%] and coaches [36.1%]. The most commonly consumed anabolic steroid was testosterone [66.7%]. The most commonly reported AAS side effect was acne [18.1%]. There was not significant association between general knowledge about side effects of ASS and their use. The results of current survey indicate that frequency of ASS use is high in adolescents and young adult bodybuilders. Well educated bodybuilders have a higher prevalence of abuse. Awareness about the side effects of drugs is not deterrent factor for their abuse. Iranian Ministry of Sport and the Youth, and the National Council for Youth, should be urged to conduct more effective prevention strategies
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Steroids , Somatotypes , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , AthletesABSTRACT
Circumcision is one of the most common surgical operations throughout the world, and meatal stenosis is one its late complications. We evaluated the topical use of a lubricant jelly after circumcision in boys in order to reduce the risk of meatal stenosis. A randomized control trial was performed, in which 2 groups of boys younger the 2 years old underwent circumcision according to the sleeve method. The parents in the study group were instructed to use petroleum jelly on the circumcision site after each diaper change for 6 months. In the control group, no topical medication was used. The children were followed up regularly and evaluated for meatal stenosis, bleeding, infection, and recovery time. A total of 197 boys in each group completed the study. None of the children in the study group but 13 [6.6%] in the control group developed meatal stenosis [P < .001]. Infection of the circumcision site was seen in 3 [1.5%] and 23 [11.7%] children of the lubricant and control groups, respectively [P < .001], and bleeding was seen in 6 [3.0%] and 37 [18.8%], respectively [P < .001]. The mean time of recovery in the lubricant group was 3.8 +/- 1.2 days, while it was 6.9 +/- 4.2 days in the control group [P = .03] Based on the findings of this study, it seems logical to use a lubricant jelly for reducing postcircumcision meatal stenosis and other complications